I hope it's OK to post a long video here?
If you're having one of these days and need some good snark, this is one of the best videos I've watched recently:
This probably deserves its own thread because there are geologists arguing Earth's expansion is a real effect; however, they should change the name to avoid confusion with the old proposal that has found its way into the conspiracy world and is refuted. There are papers published on the subject, referencing satellite data, which corroborates that the Earth is currently in an expansion phase, but is nowhere near as dramatic as the expanding Earth conspiracy depicts.
The modern mechanism of expansion itself is not implausible, it is related to phase change in the crystalline structure of the mantle as it cools down, plume eruptions, ice and water thickness and distribution. However, the amount of expansion produced is incompatible with the amount required to explain continental drift, which was the motivator for the original conjecture that popularised it.
Professor Samuel Warren Carey, a geologist from Tasmania, published a book (
https://shop.elsevier.com/books/the-expanding-earth/carey/978-0-444-41485-4) and a video explaining the concept, where he proposes Earth increased drastically in diameter:
Carey summarises his proposal:
External Quote:
(06:39 - 06:59) (...) you'll find that the rim of the Pacific has greatly increased in length, that means that the area of the Pacific is greatly increased. But according to Peck theory, and taken the increase of Pangaea, the Pacific should have greatly decreased. This is absurd, unless the earth is greatly expanded.
(15:04 - 15:17) (...) professor Stewart argument assumes that the mass of the Earth has been constant, well has it? I don't think so, I think that all matter in the universe grows at a rate depending on some power of pressure and time.
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Othb0xsvZb4
The paper "Expanding-contracting Earth" compares satellite data with Carey's proposal and explains that Carey was invoking new physics in order to justify his proposal (dabbing into the field of Physics and claiming that the value of the gravitational constant G reduces steadily over time in order to fit his conjecture):
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711200148X
The figure below, taken from the paper, shows Carey's proposal (4000km initial radius became 6400km nowadays) and what the paper finds more plausible (6520km initial radius shrunk to 6400km and then expanded to 6420km before shrinking again to 6400km):
External Quote:
The concept of an "Expanding Earth" was proposed by Carey (1976) after the establishment of plate tectonics in 1968. He speculated that the size of the young Earth was R = 4000 km when formed at 4.6 Ga, but expanded to R = 6400 km up to now. This unusual change of volume through time cannot be explained by thermal effect through time. Instead, he considered that Newton's gravitational constant "G" might have steadily decreased throughout the history of Universe (...)
"Evidences of the expanding Earth from space-geodetic data over solid land and sea level rise in recent two decades"
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674984715000518
External Quote:
(...) Combining the expansion rates of land part and oceanic part, we conclude that the Earth is expanding at a rate of 0.35 ± 0.47 mm/a in recent two decades. If the Earth expands at this rate, then the altimetry-observed SLR can be well explained.
Whether the Earth is expanding is a controversial problem in science. Although many scientists hold the opinion that during the geological time the Earth remains stable without obvious expanding or contracting [1], [2], many paleontological, paleomagnetic, paleoclimatological, geological and geodetic evidences support the expanding Earth hypothesis [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9].
Wilson [10] declared that the Earth is expanding based on geological evidences and Wegener's continental drift hypothesis. Creer [11] concluded that the Earth's radius RE was 0.55R at the early Precambrian (ca. 3800 million years (Ma) ago) and increasing ever since. Carey [4], [12] suggested that the Earth was expanding within the ocean-floor expansion framework. Scalera [13], [14] believed the Earth was expanding at a rate of few millimeters or fraction of millimeter per year from a series study of three palcogeographical reconstructions for the Paleocene. Gerasimenko [15] obtained a possible radius increase of 0.2 mm/a based on the analyses of LAGEOS and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) data for stable nonorogenic continental regions. Our previous study [16] suggests that the Earth is expanding at a rate about 0.2 mm/a in recent decades based on space-geodetic data and temporal gravity data. In that study we did not use the sea level rise evidences.
The paper above can be misused by conspiracists and taken out of context by extrapolating 0.35 mm/a to 4.6 billion years ago and concluding that the Earth was 1610km smaller in radius.