Were the conspiracy theorist right about Fluoride?

What bugs me the most about this issue is probably its treatment. That it's here in this section of your forum only makes evident what a spectacular job has been done of turning a legitimate health concern of many medical professionals into the ramblings of fringe wackos.
Fluoride isn't a 'conspiracy theory', it's a substance.

That's unfortunate, but it's historically been so. Anti-fluoride movements initially got traction mostly with anti-communist movement.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_fluoridation_controversy
Water fluoridation has frequently been the subject of conspiracy theories. During the "Red Scare" in the United States during the late 1940s and 1950s, and to a lesser extent in the 1960s, activists on the far right of American politics routinely asserted that fluoridation was part of a far-reaching plot to impose a socialist or communist regime. They also opposed other public health programs, notably mass vaccination and mental health services.[58] Their views were influenced by opposition to a number of major social and political changes that had happened in recent years: the growth of internationalism, particularly the UN and its programs; the introduction of social welfare provisions, particularly the various programs established by the New Deal; and government efforts to reduce perceived inequalities in the social structure of the United States.[59]
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And it's here because there ARE conspiracy theories. No just "the medical establishment were mistaken about fluoride", but "they are covering it up" and "it's all about money".
 
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I think you perhaps completely missed my last link, Cairenn. Here is the study summation in it's entirety.

There has been public concern about children's intellectual performance at high levels of fluoride exposure, but few studies provide data directly to the question of whether low fluoride exposure levels less than 3.0 mg/L in drinking water adversely associated with children's intelligence. In this survey, we investigated the effects of low fluoride exposure on children's intelligence and dental fluorosis. 331 children aged from 7 to 14 were randomly recruited from four sites in Hulunbuir City, China. Intelligence was assessed using Combined Raven Test-The Rural in China while dental fluorosis was diagnosed with Dean's index. Mean value of fluoride in drinking water was 1.31±1.05 mg/L (range 0.24-2.84). Urine fluoride was inversely associated with IQ in the multiple linear regression model when children's age as a covariate variable was taken into account (P<0.0001). Each increase in 1 mg/L of urine fluoride associated with 0.59-point decrease in IQ (P=0.0226). Meanwhile, there was a dose-response relationship between urine fluoride and dental fluorosis (P<0.0001). In conclusion, our study suggested that low levels of fluoride exposure in drinking water had negative effects on children's intelligence and dental health and confirmed the dose-response relationships between urine fluoride and IQ scores as well as dental fluorosis.
So there's a dose-response relationship between fluoride content in urine, IQ decline, and dental fluorosis.... suggesting the presence of the latter could be indicative of the former. The fluoride amounts are also well within the ranges of many North American communities. How many kids suffer from Dental Fluorosis in north America again?

And I realize that Mick, there are indeed conspiracy theories surround the -motivation- behind fluoridating the water. That has nothing to do with the medical studies and examinations of populations in fluoridated areas, nor the opinions of medical professionals on fluoride.
 
That is not conclusive at all . . . Their public and private educational systems cannot be assumed to be better than the rest of the world . . .
 
off topic:

I may be totally wrong on this but I also thought that IQ tests were about finding creative patterns.Since the tests where developed in the west, eastern thought may be seen as more creative from the the test's point of view.
 
off topic:

I may be totally wrong on this but I also thought that IQ tests were about finding creative patterns.Since the tests where developed in the west, eastern thought may be seen as more creative from the the test's point of view.

I'm wrong has nothing to do with creativity.
 
And I realize that Mick, there are indeed conspiracy theories surround the -motivation- behind fluoridating the water. That has nothing to do with the medical studies and examinations of populations in fluoridated areas, nor the opinions of medical professionals on fluoride.

It does if the theories contain some bunk.
 
Maybe i'm wrong here too but their less than 3.0 mg/L bar for "low fluoride exposure" can still be four times as much as the fluoridated water supply in most places, no?
 
They tested below 3mg/l.
Mean value of fluoride in drinking water was 1.31±1.05 mg/L (range 0.24-2.84).
Theres a thousand millegrams in a gram, a thousand grams in a liter, so an mg/L measurement is essentially the equivalent of PPM, unless I've really screwed up my basic math (Which would not be entirely new to me.)
So 1.3-1.05 mg/L is like 1.3-1.05 PPM. The maximum concentration in my own region is 1.5 ppm.

Yes - and so why can't you use that to lay a complaint?
No reason I can't.
The reason I don't is the same reason I'm not constantly engaged in protest actions, running around at night putting up subversive street art, or sitting on a public bench with a collection of large signs decrying all that is obviously wrong in the world.
 
Another thing maybe to consider is that it might be cheaper to send low income families some toothbrushes and toothpaste every month than giving extra exposure to people who already brush the teeth twice a day.
 
They tested below 3mg/l.

Theres a thousand millegrams in a gram, a thousand grams in a liter, so an mg/L measurement is essentially the equivalent of PPM, unless I've really screwed up my basic math (Which would not be entirely new to me.)
So 1.3-1.05 mg/L is like 1.3-1.05 PPM. The maximum concentration in my own region is 1.5 ppm.

I thought the exposure range of Fluoridated water was 0.24-2.84 PPM(whats confusing is this "1.31±1.05" which should be a range of .26 to 2.36 but I could be wrong) and I think the relationship between the IQ decrease was measured in comparison to the increase level of fluoride in the person urine and some formula having to do with age. I could be total wrong I'm trying to find the complete study so I can understand the conclusion better.

You guys got to remember I'm no scientist and between this study;last year's study about marijuana; the study on spanked children;the study about being rejected on Valentines day I'm barely holding on to my last IQ point!
 
Yes - and so why can't you use that to lay a complaint?
No reason I can't.
The reason I don't is the same reason I'm not constantly engaged in protest actions, running around at night putting up subversive street art, or sitting on a public bench with a collection of large signs decrying all that is obviously wrong in the world.

Fair enough - how about the "royal we"? Ie the anti-fluoride brigade writ large? There are a lot of people, they seem to have a fair bit of money & time in total for various campaigns - so if it is such a slam dunk that fluoridation is against American law why hasn't it been taken to the courts and the case won?

To some degree this is a rhetorical question - I don't expect you to know what every anti-fluoride activist or organisation is doing - but IMO it is also a completely fair question to ask in response to your statement -

also think it's a violation of a persons rights to subject them to the consumption of a pharmaceutical product (or an industrial waste product, both of which apply) without their consent/awareness. I'm pretty sure American law rather strictly agrees with me on that front.

If you think american law is strict about this, and that fluoridation is breaking it, why do you think there is no successful court action? Or even (AFAIK) any reports of any TRYING such court action - eg challenging local authjorities, suing companies that provide the products, etc. The US is infamous for public liability actions - why the conspicuous absence in this area??
 
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Once again, and hopefully for the last time, I've already cited a North American case of skeletal fluorosis caused by toothpaste alone, which was thoroughly tested, and progressively treated, over a period of 10 years.

Your NCBI reference was a case of a man who was ingesting toothpaste. Brushing your teeth does not put you at risk for skeletal fluorosis, period.

Fluoride (F) was elevated in serum (0.34 and 0.29 mg/liter [reference range: <0.20]), urine (26 mg/liter [reference range: 0.2-1.1 mg/liter]), and iliac crest (1.8% [reference range: <0.1%]). Tap and bottled water were negative for F. Surreptitious ingestion of toothpaste was the most plausible F source.

What about my example with rice and vitamin A? Is that unethical? I don't think it is that cut and dry. Look at these things case by case. Can you show that fluoridated water, specifically, has been responsible for any prevalent health problems? If not, then the risks do not outweigh the rewards.
 
Your NCBI reference was a case of a man who was ingesting toothpaste. Brushing your teeth does not put you at risk for skeletal fluorosis, period.

Further to your reply...

These quotes are from the actual case report.


INTRODUCTION

SKELETAL FLUOROSIS IS a manifestation of fluoride toxicity caused by chronic ingestion or inhalation of fluoride.(1) This painful disorder develops insidiously, generally when >10 mg fluoride is consumed daily for at least 10 years.(2)
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Analysis of the patient’s drinking water sources, including tap water (from a well) and bottled water, showed no detectable fluoride. He stated that he did not drink tea or wine and had not chewed tobacco, inhaled snuff, or cooked with Teflon pots. He did brush his teeth using fluoridated toothpaste, before and after all meals (minimum six times daily), kept a toothbrush at work... even after this extensive search for a source of fluoride toxicity, one could not be established.

However, because of the patient’s almost obsessive dental hygiene regimen, surreptitious ingestion of toothpaste seemed the most plausible.
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Quite obviously the researchers did not believe that even obsessive brushing with fluoride toothpaste could be a possible cause of fluoride toxicity.
 
Your NCBI reference was a case of a man who was ingesting toothpaste. Brushing your teeth does not put you at risk for skeletal fluorosis, period.

surreptitious ingestion of toothpaste
as in he wasn't 'eating' the stuff, he was ingesting it unknowingly while brushing his teeth. As absolutely everyone who brushes their teeth inevitably does to some extent. Because they're in your mouth. So in that case, an active (maybe over-active, but I don't recall anyone ever telling me not to brush more than twice a day) dental hygiene regimen was enough, without fluoridated water as a contributing factor. There are people all over North America with active (maybe over-active) dental hygiene regimens. Many inevitably in regions where water is fluoridated.

If you think american law is strict about this, and that fluoridation is breaking it, why do you think there is no successful court action? Or even (AFAIK) any reports of any TRYING such court action - eg challenging local authjorities, suing companies that provide the products, etc. The US is infamous for public liability actions - why the conspicuous absence in this area??
This was in the beginning and has remained until now one of the primary arguments against water fluoridation, and many upon many appeals to the courts have been made. Most all have been thus-far dismissed in the US. It's not easy or cheap to try and prosecute a municipality. A short google-search yielded a list of some of the cases over the years. http://www.actionpa.org/fluoride/lawandcourts/
This is by no means the global trend however, a successful appeal to the Supreme Court of the Netherlands having found that water fluoridaton was unlawful on the basis of it violating consent, given the product didn't provably improve the safety of the water and was only intended for pharmaceutical use. That was in 1973.

On a side note, the statement that the US is famous for liability actions is indicative of the very coordinated media campaign in the US to emphasize and demonize such proceedings, in a rather insidious effort to drastically reduce a citizen's ability to hold a corporation accountable for its negligent or harmful actions. It's been exceedingly successful, and has led to many caps on corporate liability being put into law with the unfortunate support of many people who don't understand what it will mean.
 
as in he wasn't 'eating' the stuff, he was ingesting it unknowingly while brushing his teeth.

The researchers knew that he was brushing his teeth 6 times a day. Knowing that fact, they still could not establish a source for the fluoride toxicity. Therefor, they must know that regular brushing could not be a source of fluoride toxicity. So they concluded that he must have been surreptitiously ( Kept secret, esp. because it would not be approved of. covertly, secretly.) ingesting it.

I don't think "surreptitiously" is an synonym for "unknowingly".
 
Try google searching surreptitious ingestion for a firmer grasp of what it means from a medical perspective. It can entail, indeed, deliberate consumption concealed from doctors, but also entails accidental consumption uncited with doctors, and poisoning attempts of which the patient and doctors are unaware. Considering this man was brushing his teeth 6 times a day, not obsessively sucking down tubes of toothpaste and failing to mention it to his doctors, it seems pretty obvious to me they're dealing with the 'accidental' scenario, as I doubt this man was deliberately concealing his toothbrushing to protect his toothpaste consumption, or was deliberately overinjesting toothpaste and failing to tell his doctors for the psychological support of assuming a patient role, which are usually the only reasons one would deliberately lie to a doctor about something like this.

That the doctors at first 'could not believe', or perhaps more accurately had not yet explored the possibility that his dental regimen was enough doesnt change the conclusion.
 
Considering this man was brushing his teeth 6 times a day, not obsessively sucking down tubes of toothpaste

How do you know he wasn't?

Your hyperbole aside, isn't this the question. Was he deliberately ingesting the toothpaste after brushing his teeth and hiding the fact from the researchers? It's not like swallowing toothpaste is unprecedented. Children do it. So do adults. One woman in her 40's suffered from skeletal fluorosis precisely because she was sucking down tubes of tooth paste. It turns out she liked the taste.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16301964
On questioning, we found only one cause for chronic fluoride intoxication: excess and unusual use of toothpaste. The patient brushed her teeth 18 times a day and swallowed the toothpaste, because she liked the taste. She consumed a tube of toothpaste every 2 days
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it seems pretty obvious to me they're dealing with the 'accidental' scenario, as I doubt this man was deliberately concealing his toothbrushing to protect his toothpaste consumption

But he wasn't concealing his tooth brushing. He was concealing his ingestion of toothpaste. The researchers were well aware that he brushed a minimum of six times daily. They knew he was obsessive about his dental hygiene. What he might have been concealing is his deliberate ingestion of the toothpaste. Which is what the researchers suspected.

doesnt change the conclusion.

Ya. Don't eat toothpaste because you'll end up with skeletal fluorosis.
 
as in he wasn't 'eating' the stuff, he was ingesting it unknowingly while brushing his teeth. As absolutely everyone who brushes their teeth inevitably does to some extent. Because they're in your mouth. So in that case, an active (maybe over-active, but I don't recall anyone ever telling me not to brush more than twice a day) dental hygiene regimen was enough, without fluoridated water as a contributing factor. There are people all over North America with active (maybe over-active) dental hygiene regimens. Many inevitably in regions where water is fluoridated.

I certainly don't swallow toothpaste when I brush and even if I do, which you are speculating on, the amount is so insignificantly tiny that it would in no way never ever not in a million years contribute to skeletal fluorosis. You need some serious exposure in order to succumb to skeletal fluorosis. Exposure you're not going to get from dental hygiene habits or drinking water.
Wanting to link it to arthritis and joint pains is an interesting idea but you need the arthritis epidemiology data to match areas with fluoridated water and even then there are so many other variables to consider that would make a conclusion of fluoride being the culprit questionable. The data doesn't even seem to show a pattern, from what I can find.
http://www.wnd.com/images/fluoride_map2002.jpg


http://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/images/dsArthritisPhysicalInactivity_626px.jpg
 
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I certainly don't swallow toothpaste when I brush and even if I do,
You do. Everyone who brushes their teeth does to some extent. Unless you wait for the taste of toothpaste to fade from your palette entirely after brushing before swallowing so much as once, then you swallow a bit of toothpaste when you brush your teeth. You'd have to be a freak of nature/possess a very high and very strange level of self-discipline to go an hour or so from the first moment the brush touches your teeth without swallowing once. It just happens.

the amount is so insignificantly tiny that it would in no way never ever not in a million years contribute to skeletal fluorosis.
Pretty damn bold statement, I have to say... are you a medical professional with any experience in fluorosis, water toxicity, or skeletal function? If not, how can you make that assertion? Do you have a body of evidence to back it up..? I don't think I'm the one doing the speculating.
How do you know he wasn't?
Nothing in the report seemed to suggest he was. Yes, some people do weird shit like eat toothpaste for the sake of eating toothpaste. Does it say in the report anywhere that that's what this guy was doing specifically? If he was, it almost certainly would say so.

As for your maps, the second isn't of arthritis figures, it's of where physical activity is lacking among arthritis sufferers, from what I can tell on first glance.
 
You do. Everyone who brushes their teeth does to some extent. Unless you wait for the taste of toothpaste to fade from your palette entirely after brushing before swallowing so much as once, then you swallow a bit of toothpaste when you brush your teeth. You'd have to be a freak of nature/possess a very high and very strange level of self-discipline to go an hour or so from the first moment the brush touches your teeth without swallowing once. It just happens.


Pretty damn bold statement, I have to say... are you a medical professional with any experience in fluorosis, water toxicity, or skeletal function? If not, how can you make that assertion? Do you have a body of evidence to back it up..? I don't think I'm the one doing the speculating.

To what extent? You very much are speculating. If you're seriously claiming that brushing your teeth puts you at risk of skeletal fluorosis you have a lot to prove. Without quantifying anything, it's quite a ridiculous idea, honestly. Skeletal fluorosis requires heavy consumption or inhalation of fluoride. Put that into perspective of what you're saying. Toothpaste today is between 1,000-1,400 ppm sodium fluoride. That's between 0.22 and 0.3%, respectively. The sodium fluoride dissolves in your saliva and then you spit and rinse with water. What amount is left in your mouth after that? Conceivably not much at all, it's heavily reduced and diluted from it's original concentration. That's why I say never ever in a million years would that be a significant contributor when we consider all of the other sources of fluoride you get from food and drink.

Here is a better map: http://www.clinicalgaitanalysis.com/faq/art-mmwr444039.fig.gif
 
Looking at those maps side by side, arthritis figures seem relatively dense in areas where fluoride use is relatively dense, especially in the central-east states.

If you're seriously claiming that brushing your teeth puts you at risk of skeletal fluorosis you have a lot to prove.
I'm saying exposure to fluoride puts you at risk of skeletal fluorosis. I don't have to prove that, it's thoroughly proven. Toothpaste is a source of highly concentrated fluoride, and so inherently toothpaste is a risk-factor where skeletal fluorosis, and other fluoride-related maladies, are concerned. Brushing your teeth is by no means a sure-fire way to develop Skeletal fluorosis or other fluoride-related maladies, nor is drinking fluoridated water. Both, however, are obvious risk-factors; one of which can be personally managed with relative ease, the other not so much. Skeletal fluorosis is the extreme of fluoride exposure. Studies cited in this thread suggest that long before skeletal fluorosis is even an issue/risk, even relatively low levels of fluoride exposure can have a negative cognitive impact on people. Dental fluorosis and decreased IQ were directly correlated. The cognitive impacts of fluoride, where lab-mice are concerned at least, provably compounded from generation to generation.

Once again, I'm not saying 'down with toothpaste!' I'm saying that the right of refusal should be respected were fluoride in water is concerned, and the policy of fluoridated water in North America should be ended. It's been proven after all that fluoride ingestion isn't particularly beneficial at all, that it's only really effective as a topical product applied directly to the teeth with products like toothpaste.
 
Since toothpaste is the concentrated source of fluoride, why not just NOT buy a fluoride toothpaste if you are concerned or if you are a heavy brusher? Most folks do NOT brush their teeth 6 times a day. It seems that he may have had some OCD also. I will propose that he was concerned about his breath, and since the toothpaste was handy and it gave him a minty breath, he was 'tasting it' to freshen his breath.

When ONLY ONE person out of millions has a problem from something like this, it is reasonable to LOOK at what that person does, instead of blaming a product that the millions use without problem.
 
No, it's not. The amount you're exposed to defines the "risk." For example, when working in a chemistry lab students are mostly not required to wear masks when working with certain chemicals. Those who work in industry every day, however, will have to wear a mask when working with those same chemicals because they are at risk of chronic exposure. Drinking water with diluted fluoride and brushing your teeth will not put you at risk of something that requires chronic and heavy exposure. That includes skeletal fluorosis and IQ dips, correlation does not equal causation and those studies involved heavy doses of fluoride. You must quantify your argument with data and numbers relevant to the concentrations found in fluoridated water. Referring me to an anti-fluoride page with claims that don't even check out doesn't count as proof.

Today, as noted by the following studies, the overwhelming consensus by dental researchers is that fluoride’s primary effect is topical, not systemic, and that this topical effect occurs after the teeth have erupted into the mouth (i.e., post-eruptive), not before. There is no need, therefore, to swallow fluoride, especially during infancy and early childhood. As the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stated in 1999 “fluoride prevents dental caries predominately after eruption of the tooth into the mouth, and its actions primarily are topical for both adults and children.” The National Research Council has concurred, stating in 2006 that “the major anticaries benefit of fluoride is topical and not systemic.”

Check those claims here:

http://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/benefits.htm

[h=2]Surgeon General's Statement on Community Water Fluoridation, 2004[/h]
Since the 1950s, each U.S. Public Health Service Surgeon General has committed his or her support for community water fluoridation. Below is the most recent endorsement supporting community water fluoridation from
Surgeon General, Richard H. Carmona, MD, MPH, FACS, VADM, USPHS.

As noted in Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General, community water fluoridation continues to be the most cost-effective, equitable and safe means to provide protection from tooth decay in a community. Scientific studies have found that people living in communities with fluoridated water have fewer cavities than those living where the water is not fluoridated. For more than 50 years, small amounts of fluoride have been added to drinking water supplies in the United States where naturally-occurring fluoride levels are too low to protect teeth from decay. Over 8,000 communities are currently adjusting the fluoride in their community’s water to a level that can protect the oral health of their citizens.

[h=2]Surgeon General's Statement on Community Water Fluoridation, 2001[/h]
Since the 1950s, each U.S. Public Health Service Surgeon General has committed his or her support for community water fluoridation. Below is the most recent endorsement supporting community water fluoridation from
Surgeon General, David Satcher, MD, PhD.
December 3, 2001—For more than half a century, community water fluoridation has been the cornerstone of caries prevention in the United States. As noted in my May 2000 report, Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General, community water fluoridation continues to be the most cost-effective, practical and safe means for reducing and controlling the occurrence of tooth decay in a community. In thousands of communities in the United States where naturally-occurring fluoride levels are deficient, small amounts of fluoride have been added to drinking water supplies with dramatic results. More than 50 years of scientific research has found that people living in communities with fluoridated water have healthier teeth and fewer cavities than those living where the water is not fluoridated.

[h=2]Surgeon General's Statement on Community Water Fluoridation, 1995[/h]
Since the 1950s, each U.S. Public Health Service Surgeon General has committed his or her support for community water fluoridation. Below is the most recent endorsement supporting community water fluoridation from
Acting Surgeon General, Audrey F. Manley, MD, MPH.

December 14, 1995—Nineteen ninety-five marked the 50th anniversary of the initiation of community water fluoridation in the United States. Data consistently have indicated that water fluoridation is the most cost-effective, practical, and safe means for reducing the occurrence of tooth decay in a community. Water fluoridation continues to be the cornerstone of community oral disease prevention. The benefits of fluoridation are available, on average, for little more than $0.50 per person per year, and even less, in large communities. Today, 62 percent of the population served by public water supplies have access to adequate levels of fluoride in their drinking water. It has been demonstrated that the action of fluoride in preventing tooth decay provides a benefit to children and adults throughout their lives. The health benefits of fluoridation include a reduction in the frequency and severity of dental decay, a decrease in the need for tooth extractions and fillings, a reduction in pain and suffering associated with tooth decay, and the obvious elevation of self-esteem that goes with improved functioning and appearance.

Even if you choose not to have your water fluoridated you're still getting more fluoride from many other sources of food and drink. That's why dental fluorosis still occurs in areas with no natural or artificial fluoridation in their water source. If you're informed then there is no significant risk factor in this case, and that is also the case with many things we live with every day.
 
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I'm saying exposure to fluoride puts you at risk of skeletal fluorosis. I don't have to prove that, it's thoroughly proven.

Very true. Exposure to salt puts you at risk of high blood pressure and exposure to water puts you at risk of drowning. Those have also been thoroughly proven.

I'm saying that the right of refusal should be respected were fluoride in water is concerned

You do have the right to refusal. Don't drink the water. What you want to do is impose your will on people that want their water fluoridated. A program that has been shown to be safe, beneficial and cost effective, especially for the low income portions of the population.

It's been proven after all that fluoride ingestion isn't particularly beneficial at all, that it's only really effective as a topical product applied directly to the teeth with products like toothpaste.

Well no kidding, Grieves. Except when dealing with young children... yes, drinking fluoridated water is a topical treatment. Everyone knows that and nobody is denying that fact. Whenever I read the "after all fluoride ingestion isn't particularly beneficial at all" argument, I get the distinct impression that the person saying it is deliberately building a straw man or they really don't understand the mechanism by which fluoridated water prevents cavities.
 
The cognitive impacts of fluoride, where lab-mice are concerned at least, provably compounded from generation to generation.

And what were the fluoride exposure levels?

as well as a significant decrease in the B(max) value for the high-affinity of epibatidine binding site were observed in PC12 cells subjected to high levels of fluoride. On the protein level, the alpha 3 and alpha 7 subunits of nAChRs were also significantly decreased in the cells exposed to high concentrations of fluoride.
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Western blotting revealed that the level of the nAChR alpha4 subunit protein in the brains of rats was significantly lowered by exposure to 100 ppm, but not 30 ppm fluoride
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So this study seems to suggest that a rat will suffer adverse effects if it is exposed to fluoride levels 140 greater than what is in our water. I suppose that's why they titled the study: "Chronic fluoride toxicity decreases the number of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat brain."
 
That includes skeletal fluorosis and IQ dips, correlation does not equal causation and those studies involved heavy doses of fluoride. You must quantify your argument with data and numbers relevant to the concentrations found in fluoridated water.
I have. From what I can tell you're ignoring it though. Please go back through the cases I've already cited in which low levels of fluoride exposure revealed apparent drops in IQ, and how Dental Fluorosis, a common condition in North America, can be considered indicative of mental decline as a result of fluoride consumption. I'm tired of re-quoting.
Referring me to an anti-fluoride page with claims that don't even check out doesn't count as proof.
Which of the many multiple citations of the findings of Dental/medical professionals were unsatisfactory to you? When you say they 'don't check out', are you saying you've checked them out? That's a thorough debunking job. Can you reference your efforts?

Today, as noted by the following studies, the overwhelming consensus by dental researchers is that fluoride’s primary effect is topical, not systemic, and that this topical effect occurs after the teeth have erupted into the mouth (i.e., post-eruptive), not before. There is no need, therefore, to swallow fluoride, especially during infancy and early childhood. As the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stated in 1999 “fluoride prevents dental caries predominately after eruption of the tooth into the mouth, and its actions primarily are topical for both adults and children.” The National Research Council has concurred, stating in 2006 that “the major anticaries benefit of fluoride is topical and not systemic.”
Check those claims here:

http://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/benefits.htm

Actually, those claims are better checked here: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4841a1.htm which is the actual CDC statement as of 1999 referenced above.

Biologic Mechanism

Fluoride's caries-preventive properties initially were attributed to changes in enamel during tooth development because of the association between fluoride and cosmetic changes in enamel and a belief that fluoride incorporated into enamel during tooth development would result in a more acid-resistant mineral. However, laboratory and epidemiologic research suggests that fluoride prevents dental caries predominately after eruption of the tooth into the mouth, and its actions primarily are topical for both adults and children (1). These mechanisms include 1) inhibition of demineralization, 2) enhancement of remineralization, and 3) inhibition of bacterial activity in dental plaque (1).

They even later reference fluoridated water as being a functional as a TOPICAL product, as in direct-application to the teeth while you're drinking it, saying absolutely nothing about a benefit to ingesting. That's because there isn't one.
Fluoride from topical sources such as fluoridated drinking water is taken up by cariogenic bacteria when they produce acid. Once inside the cells, fluoride interferes with enzyme activity of the bacteria and the control of intracellular pH. This reduces bacterial acid production, which directly reduces the dissolution rate of tooth mineral (19).
So with fluoridated drinking water, you're ingesting a topical product, by the open admission of the CDC.

Exposure to salt puts you at risk of high blood pressure and exposure to water puts you at risk of drowning. Those have also been thoroughly proven.
Water is one of the fundamental ingredients to continued existence. Salt is an essential nutrient the body needs. Fluoride is neither. I made this very comparison earlier in the thread.

You do have the right to refusal. Don't drink the water. What you want to do is impose your will on people that want their water fluoridated. A program that has been shown to be safe, beneficial and cost effective, especially for the low income portions of the population.
For real? 'Don't drink the water'? Right, everyone who doesn't want to ingest fluoride daily should just switch over to imported spring water, because only rich snobs would ever want to not ingest fluoride every day. You've got this particular point ass-backwards, I'm afraid. It's the wealthy who have the option not to drink fluoridated water, it's the poor who have little choice in the matter.
So this study seems to suggest that a rat will suffer adverse effects if it is exposed to fluoride levels 140 greater than what is in our water. I suppose that's why they titled the study: "Chronic fluoride toxicity decreases the number of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat brain."
Did you miss the study where children exposed to very low fluoride levels displayed noticably lower IQ's than those in regions with no fluoride exposure? Did you miss mention of the simple fact that 50% of all the fluoride you ingest is retained in your body? Yes, large amounts of fluoride were used to study the effects on a few generations of mice. It's true, human beings aren't typically exposed to water fluoridation anywhere near that high. That doesn't change the fact we're ingesting an accumulative toxin the pharmaceutical effects of which are topical in nature without having ever given consent.

It's odd to see all the directions being veered in. I'm glad at least to see many of the opinions on fluoride noticeably evolving as people become better informed throughout the argument. This has been one of the stranger, but at the same time I think more productive conversations I've had here so far.
 
Well no kidding, Grieves. Except when dealing with young children... yes, drinking fluoridated water is a topical treatment. Everyone knows that and nobody is denying that fact.
Just to be clear, the effects of fluoridated water were argued as being Systemic for years, and still are in many cases, even earlier in this very thread. The original motivation claimed for mass water fluoridation was belief in a systemic effect, so the very reason we started doing it was based on a false premise. When dealing with young children it's only different in that it's even more important you don't expose them.
 
For real? 'Don't drink the water'?

Yes... for reals. Don't drink fluoridated water if you don't want to.

Right, everyone who doesn't want to ingest fluoride daily should just switch over to imported spring water, because only rich snobs would ever want to not ingest fluoride every day. You've got this particular point ass-backwards, I'm afraid.

The point you seem to have ass-backwards is that the poor generally benefit much more from water fluoridation than "rich snobs".

The effect of water fluoridation and social inequalities on dental caries in 5-year-old children

Conclusion Water fluoridation reduces dental caries experience more in materially deprived wards than in affluent wards and the introduction of water fluoridation would substantially reduce inequalities in dental health.
Content from External Source
Did you miss the study where children exposed to very low fluoride levels displayed noticably lower IQ's than those in regions with no fluoride exposure? Did you miss mention of the simple fact that 50% of all the fluoride you ingest is retained in your body?

The IQ study shows a correlation. It does not show causation. This has already been explained to you.

That 50% figure is very scary, indeed. Until one realizes that retaining 50% of tiny amount equates to a sum that has been shown not to have adverse effects on bone health. So unless someone feels the need to ingest toxic levels of fluoride by eating toothpaste, they'll be just fine.

Just to be clear, the effects of fluoridated water were argued as being Systemic for years, and still are in many cases, even earlier in this very thread. The original motivation claimed for mass water fluoridation was belief in a systemic effect

Did water fluoridation suddenly become less effective once they discovered that the benefit was derived from a topical rather than systemic effect?
 
For the ordinary person, I don't think fluoride has much of an effect. But if 70% of a person's thyroid is shot and the remainder ain't feelin so good, then ANYTHING that interferes with what is left is problematic. .
A similar case coud be made by a person who had a medical problem which is exacerbated by chlorine added to the water.

Such people need to find other sources for their drinking water. Simple remedy.

BTW, I watch tens of thousands of gallons flow out of my spring daily and head towards the Mississippi River. It is non-chlorinated, non-(artificially)flouridated, 'and any of you are welcome to drink your fill any time. Bring a bottle or a truck and fill-er-up. Pick some watercress for your salad, too.

PICT0128.JPG

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Did water fluoridation suddenly become less effective once they discovered that the benefit was derived from a topical rather than systemic effect?
Considering water fluoridation was initiated on the claim it would reduce dental carries by 90%, It's pretty obvious the supposed effectiveness of fluoridated water has been in steady decline with just about every new study on the subject. It's now down to an average of 25% reduction of carries in adults and children, and those are estimates made by proponents of the process. Those against the process like to point out that there is no measurable difference in dental health between western nations that fluoridate their water and western nations that don't.
The point you seem to have ass-backwards is that the poor generally benefit much more from water fluoridation than "rich snobs".
So we should medicate the poor, even if it's against their will to be medicated, because it's 'for their own good'? And everyone else, from the middle-up, should be subjected to the same medical treatment, wholly unnecessary in their case, or spring for reverse-osmosis devices/purchase their water bottled from foreign springs? I've a fair deal of friends living at or below the poverty line. They, and their kids, all still manage to brush their teeth with toothpaste. This is the West, and in the West dental hygiene is not out of reach for the impoverished. Dental care, maybe... but not the basics. Should we fluoridate our water, medicating our whole community, simply to facilitate those people who choose not too/are in a state which prevents them from brushing their teeth? I addressed this issue very, very early in this thread. Maybe read back through it to get a better grasp of my position.

The IQ study shows a correlation. It does not show causation. This has already been explained to you.

cor·re·la·tion

[kawr-uh-ley-shuhn, kor-] Show IPA

noun 1. mutual relation of two or more things, parts, etc.: Studies find a positive correlation between severity of illness and nutritional status of the patients. Synonyms: similarity, correspondence, matching; parallelism, equivalence; interdependence, interrelationship, interconnection.


There's this notion that water fluoridation has been thoroughly studied and long-since proven safe that you seem to be heavily invested in Trigger. Are you aware that not a single randomized controlled trial (RCT) has ever been conducted in regards to fluoride ingestion?
http://www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd/pdf/summary.pdf
A summary of a review of all the available data and studies on the effects of Water Fluoridation. In the case of both the studies of its benefits and the studies of its adverse side-effects on human beings the work is deemed inadequate, with very little conclusive information about the benefits or the risks. The conclusion of the study is basically an expression of surprise at how inadequate the clinical review of fluoridating water has been, given what a prominent issue it often is.

http://www.fluoridealert.org/fan-tv/dr-whyte/ A pediatrician expressing her concerns about water fluoridation. Indeed, it's on an anti-fluoride website, which may for some reason completely negate the validity of what she has to say in your mind, but she seems pretty reasonable to me.

http://www.fluoridealert.org/fan-tv/prof-perspectives/ a 30-minute little doc. featuring professional opinions on water fluoridation. Worth a watch as well.
 
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They even later reference fluoridated water as being a functional as a TOPICAL product, as in direct-application to the teeth while you're drinking it, saying absolutely nothing about a benefit to ingesting. That's because there isn't one. So with fluoridated drinking water, you're ingesting a topical product, by the open admission of the CDC.

They talk about fluoride's usefulness as a topical product and they also talk about, in what I referenced, its usefulness in drinking water. Do they say anything against ingestion of fluoride/fluoridated water or anything along those lines? No, they don't. That source took the CDC's discussion on topical fluoride treatment out of context. There is a reason you brush your teeth and don't swallow toothpaste (topical) and why there is fluoride in water (ingested). It seems like you're trying to say that the CDC is against fluoridated water, which clearly they are not.If you want to check that page instead of the ones I posted, let's see exactly what they say about the matter.

Most persons in the United States support community water fluoridation (29). Although the proportion of the U.S. population drinking fluoridated water increased fairly quickly from 1945 into the 1970s, the rate of increase has been much lower in recent years. This slowing in the expansion of fluoridation is attributable to several factors: 1) the public, some scientists, and policymakers may perceive that dental caries is no longer a public health problem or that fluoridation is no longer necessary or effective; 2) adoption of water fluoridation can require political processes that make institution of this public health measure difficult;3) opponents of water fluoridation often make unsubstantiated claims about adverse health effects of fluoridation in attempts to influence public opinion

I will summarize./criticize your sources concerning fluoride and IQ.

In order to investigate the molecular mechanism(s) underlying brain dysfunction caused by chronic fluorosis, neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain of rats receiving either 30 or 100 ppm fluoride in their drinking water for 7 months were analyzed in the present study employing ligand binding and Western blotting. There was a significant reduction in the number of [3H]epibatidine binding sites in the brain of rats exposed 100 ppm of fluoride, but no alteration after exposed to 30 ppm. On the other hand, the number of [125I]alpha-BTX binding sites was significantly decreased in the brains of rats exposed to both levels of fluoride. Western blotting revealed that the level of the nAChR alpha4 subunit protein in the brains of rats was significantly lowered by exposure to 100 ppm, but not 30 ppm fluoride; whereas the expression of the alpha7 subunit protein was significantly decreased by both levels of exposure. In contrast, there was no significant change in the level of the beta2 subunit protein in the brains of rats administered fluoride. Since nAChRs play major roles in cognitive processes such as learning and memory, the decrease in the number of nAChRs caused by fluoride toxicity may be an important factor in the mechanism of brain dysfunction in the disorder.

30-100ppm on mice probably wouldn't have the same effect as about 0.7-1.2ppm would on a human.

[h=4]MATERIALS AND METHODS:[/h]In this cross-sectional study, 293 children aged 6-11 years were selected from five villages in Makoo with normal fluoride (0.8±0.3 ppm), medium fluoride (3.1±0.9 ppm) and high fluoride (5.2±1.1 ppm) in their water supplies. The IQ of each child was measured by the Raven's test. Educational and residential information and the medical history of each child was recorded by a questionnaire completed by the parents. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test with a significance level of 0.05.
[h=4]RESULTS:[/h]The mean IQ scores decreased from 97.77±18.91 for the normal fluoride group to 89.03±12.99 for the medium fluoride group and to 88.58±16.01 for the high fluoride group (P=0.001).
[h=4]CONCLUSION:[/h]
Children residing in areas with higher than normal water fluoride levels demonstrated more impaired development of intelligence. Thus, children's intelligence may be affected by high water fluoride levels.

Can you see some problems here? Any other variables they may not be accounting for? The accuracy of an IQ test in this case of villagers from Makoo? Those concentrations that purportedly yielded lower scores were also much higher than artificially fluoridated water sources. Also, I would have liked to see a control group with no fluoride.

In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism by which excessive fluoride damages the central nervous system, the effects of exposure of PC12 cells to different concentrations of fluoride for 48 h on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) were characterized here. Significant reductions in the number of binding sites for both [3H]epibatidine and [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin, as well as a significant decrease in the B(max) value for the high-affinity of epibatidine binding site were observed in PC12 cells subjected to high levels of fluoride. On the protein level, the alpha 3 and alpha 7 subunits of nAChRs were also significantly decreased in the cells exposed to high concentrations of fluoride. In contrast, such exposure had no significant effect on the level of the beta 2 subunit. These findings suggest that selective decreases in the number of nAChRs may play an important role in the mechanism(s) by which fluoride causes dysfunction of the central nervous system.

I bolded areas where they made statements that make their study irrelevant from our discussion here. We aren't debating on whether or not excessive fluoride causes damage, everybody already agrees on that.

[h=4]METHODS:[/h]We report the results of a study of 720 children between 8 and 12 years of age in rural villages in Shanyin county, Shanxi province, China. The children were exposed to As at concentrations of 142 +/- 106 microg/L (medium-As group) and 190 +/- 183 microg/L (high-As group) in drinking water compared with the control group that was exposed to low concentrations of As (2 +/- 3 microg/L) and low concentrations of fluoride (0.5 +/- 0.2 mg/L). A study group of children exposed to high concentrations of fluoride (8.3 +/- 1.9 mg/L) but low concentrations of As (3 +/- 3 microg/L) was also included because of the common occurrence of elevated concentrations of fluoride in groundwater in our study area. A standardized IQ (intelligence quotient) test was modified for children in rural China and was based on the classic Raven's test used to determine the effects of these exposures on children's intelligence. A standardized measurement procedure for weight, height, chest circumference, and lung capacity was used to determine the effects of these exposures on children's growth.
[h=4]RESULTS:[/h]The mean IQ scores decreased from 105 +/- 15 for the control group, to 101 +/- 16 for the medium-As group (p < 0.05), and to 95 +/- 17 for the high-As group (p < 0.01). The mean IQ score for the high-fluoride group was 101 +/- 16 and significantly different from that of the control group (p < 0.05). Children in the control group were taller than those in the high-fluoride group (p < 0.05); weighed more than the those in the high-As group (p < 0.05); and had higher lung capacity than those in the medium-As group (p < 0.05).
[h=4]CONCLUSIONS:[/h]
Children's intelligence and growth can be affected by high concentrations of As or fluoride. The IQ scores of the children in the high-As group were the lowest among the four groups we investigated. It is more significant that high concentrations of As affect children's intelligence. It indicates that arsenic exposure can affect children's intelligence and growth.

I think the bolded areas speak for themselves in this case.

[h=4]MATERIALS AND METHODS:[/h]This cross-sectional study was conducted among 12-year-old school children of Madhya Pradesh state, India. The children were selected from low (< 1.5 parts per million) and high (≥1.5 parts per million) fluoride areas. A questionnaire was used to collect information on the children's personal characteristics, residential history, medical history, educational level of the head of the family, and socioeconomic status of the family. Levels of lead, arsenic, and iodine in the urine and the levels of fluoride in the water and urine were analyzed. The children's intelligence was measured using Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices. Data analysis was done using the chi-square, one way analysis of variance, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression tests. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
[h=4]RESULTS:[/h]Differences in participant's sociodemographic characteristics, urinary iodine, urinary lead, and urinary arsenic levels were statistically not significant (P>0.05). However, a statistically significant difference was observed in the urinary fluoride levels (P 0.000). Reduction in intelligence was observed with an increased water fluoride level (P 0.000). The urinary fluoride level was a significant predictor for intelligence (P 0.000).
[h=4]CONCLUSION:[/h]Children in endemic areas of fluorosis are at risk for impaired development of intelligence.





In this study the IQ dropping doses were suggested to be from 3.0 to >4.5ppm. Their conclusion was directed towards areas where fluorosis was endemic and state in their discussion the limitations of their experiment as follows:
Children's intelligence can be influenced by inheritance. Children in our study groups attend school and are therefore exposed to different levels of fluoride, while not at home. Although the children who had changed their water source since birth were excluded in the present study, we could not completely exclude the influence of recall bias. Moreover, fluoride level in a particular water source may change over a period of years. Therefore, we emphasize the need for a more careful evaluation of the effect of fluoride on intelligence.

There has been public concern about children's intellectual performance at high levels of fluoride exposure, but few studies provide data directly to the question of whether low fluoride exposure levels less than 3.0 mg/L in drinking water adversely associated with children's intelligence. In this survey, we investigated the effects of low fluoride exposure on children's intelligence and dental fluorosis. 331 children aged from 7 to 14 were randomly recruited from four sites in Hulunbuir City, China. Intelligence was assessed using Combined Raven Test-The Rural in China while dental fluorosis was diagnosed with Dean's index. Mean value of fluoride in drinking water was 1.31±1.05 mg/L (range 0.24-2.84). Urine fluoride was inversely associated with IQ in the multiple linear regression model when children's age as a covariate variable was taken into account (P<0.0001). Each increase in 1 mg/L of urine fluoride associated with 0.59-point decrease in IQ (P=0.0226). Meanwhile, there was a dose-response relationship between urine fluoride and dental fluorosis (P<0.0001). In conclusion, our study suggested that low levels of fluoride exposure in drinking water had negative effects on children's intelligence and dental health and confirmed the dose-response relationships between urine fluoride and IQ scores as well as dental fluorosis.

Again, here we see a correlation but that doesn't mean causation. Chronic fluoride exposure's effects on IQ have been recognized and the most rigorous studies have shown that high fluoride levels are required to see such correlations.

http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11571&page=206

A study conducted by Lu et al. (2000) in a different area of China also compared the IQs of 118 children (ages 10-12) living in two areas with different fluoride concentrations in the water (3.15 ± 0.61 mg/L in one area and 0.37 ± 0.04 mg/L in the other). The children were lifelong residents of the villages and had similar social and educational levels. Urinary fluoride concentrations were measured at 4.99 ± 2.57 mg/L in the high-fluoride area and 1.43 ± 0.64 mg/L in the low-fluoride area. IQ measurements using the Chinese Combined Raven’s Test, Copyright 2 (see Wang and Qian 1989), showed significantly lower mean IQ scores among children in the high-fluoride area (92.27 ± 20.45) than in children in the low-fluoride area (103.05 ± 13.86). Of special importance, 21.6% of the children in the high-fluoride village scored 70 or below on the IQ scale. For the children in the low-fluoride village, only 3.4% had such low scores. Urinary fluoride concentrations were inversely correlated with mental performance in the IQ test. Qin and Cui (1990) observed similar negative correlation between IQ and fluoride intake through drinking water.

Ingesting fluoride does have its benefits, the CDC reports are quite consistent and clear on that. Yes, fluoride can build up in the body if you ingest too much in one day. Look again at the chart I posted earlier with all of the sources of fluoride ingestion anyone can come across on a daily basis. Also, check the CDC page I posted in my last reply for tons of information. The risks with fluoridated water are there but not as severe as you're making them out to be. Your IQ is not at risk but old age could exacerbate some risks concerning bone health. In other words, fluoridated water (0.7-1.2ppm) won't be responsible but won't help those problems either.

http://www.health.gov/environment/ReviewofFluoride/default.htm

[h=3]CONCLUSIONS[/h]
  • Extensive studies over the past 50 years have established that individuals whose drinking water is fluoridated show a reduction in dental caries. Although the comparative degree of measurable benefit has been reduced recently as other fluoride sources have become available in non-fluoridated areas, the benefits of water fluoridation are still clearly evident. Fewer caries are associated with fewer abscesses and extractions of teeth and with improved health. The health and economic benefits of water fluoridation accrue to individuals of all ages and socioeconomic groups, especially to poor children.
  • Since the addition of fluoride to drinking water in the 1940's, other sources of fluoride have become available, including toothpastes, mouth rinses, and fluoride dietary supplements. These sources of fluoride also have proven to be effective in preventing dental caries.
  • Estimates developed for this report show that fluoride exposure is generally greater in fluoridated areas; however, there is fluoride exposure in both fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas because of the variety of fluoride sources besides drinking water. Beverages and foods are sources of fluoride, especially if they have been prepared with fluoridated drinking water.
  • Optimal fluoridation of drinking water does not pose a detectable cancer risk to humans as evidenced by extensive human epidemiological data available to date, including the new studies prepared for this report. While the presence of fluoride in sources other than drinking water reduces the ability to discriminate between exposure in fluoridated as compared to non-fluoridated communizes, no trends in cancer risk, including the risk of osteosarcoma, were attributed to the introduction of fluoride into drinking water in these new studies. During two time periods, 1973-1980 and 1981-1987, there was an unexplained increase of osteosarcoma in males under age 20. The reason for this increase remains to be clarified, but an extensive analysis reveals that it is unrelated to the introduction and duration of fluoridation.
  • There are two methodologically acceptable studies of the carcinogenicity of fluoride in experimental animals. The Procter and Gamble study did not find any significant evidence of carcinogenicity in rats and mice of either sex. In the NTP study there was no evidence of carcinogenicity in mice and in female rats. Male rats showed "equivocal" evidence of carcinogenicity based on the finding of a small number of osteosarcomas. "Equivocal" evidence is defined by NTP as "...interpreted as showing a marginal increase in neoplasms that may be chemically related" (HHS, 1990). Taken together, the data available at this time from these two animal studies fail to establish an association between fluoride and cancer.
  • By comparison with the 1940's, the total prevalence of dental fluorosis has increased in non-fluoridated areas and may have increased in optimally fluoridated areas. Such increases in dental fluorosis in a population signify that total fluoride exposures have increased and may be more than are necessary to prevent dental caries. For this reason, prudent public health practice dictates the reduction of unnecessary and inappropriate fluoride exposure.
  • In the 1940s, drinking water and food were the major sources of fluoride exposure. Since then, additional sources of fluoride have become available through the introduction of fluoride containing dental products. Although the use of these products is likely responsible for some of the declines in caries scores, the inappropriate use of these products has also likely contributed to the observed increases in the prevalence of very mild and mild forms of dental fluorosis.
  • Further epidemiological studies are required to determine whether or not an association exists between various levels of fluoride in drinking water and bone fractures.
  • Crippling skeletal fluorosis is not a public health problem in the United States, as evidenced by the reports of only five cases in 30 years. Crippling skeletal fluorosis, a chronic bone and joint disease associated with extended exposure to high levels of fluoride, has been more prevalent in some regions outside the United States.
  • Well-controlled studies have not demonstrated a beneficial effect of the use of high doses of fluoride in reducing osteoporosis and related bone fractures.
  • Genotoxicity studies of fluoride, which are highly dependent on the methods used, often show contradictory findings. The most consistent finding is that fluoride has not been shown to be mutagenic in standard tests in bacteria (Ames Test). In some studies with different methodologies, fluoride has been reported to induce mutations and chromosome aberrations in cultured rodent and human cells. The genotoxicity of fluoride in humans and animals is unresolved despite numerous studies.
  • Chronic low level fluoride exposure is nor associated with birth defects. Studies also fail to establish an association between fluoride and Down Syndrome.
  • There is no indication that chronic low level fluoride exposure of normal individuals presents a problem in other organ systems, such as the gastrointestinal, the genitourinary, and the respiratory systems. The effects of fluoride on the reproductive system merit further investigation in animal and human studies.
  • Chronic low level fluoride exposure is nor associated with birth defects. Studies also fail to establish an association between fluoride and Down Syndrome.
  • There is no indication that chronic low level fluoride exposure of normal individuals presents a problem in other organ systems, such as the gastrointestinal, the genitourinary, and the respiratory systems. The effects of fluoride on the reproductive system merit further investigation in animal and human studies.

I'd still ask you to quantify your claims about toothpaste being a significant contributor and stop with the idea that ingesting fluoride is completely useless. We did not start it based on a false premise and it does not continue without evidence to support its benefits. Allow me to make one more analogy. Fast food certainly isn't healthy for you, yet with a healthy and active lifestyle you can eat a diet that includes fast food. Of course, it also depends on a huge number other factors such as genetics (I don't want a discussion of fast food starting, its just an analogy). With fluoridated water, it depends how many other sources with how much fluoride you are exposed to, genetics, lifestyle, etc. Your IQ also depends on a huge number of factors. Consider all of these things when trying to assess how much toxicity you're receiving from 0.7-1.2ppm fluoride in your treated water supply.
 
Do they say anything against ingestion of fluoride/fluoridated water or anything along those lines? No, they don't.
Did you miss the bit where CDC and ADA were advising pregnant/nursing women to avoid fluoridated water/not to use fluoridated water in baby-formula, because of the associated health-risks? Tell me, how is an impoverished parent who can't afford reverse-osmosis filters going to meet this recommendation? Drive on down to Jay's place? He's very kind to offer, but I wager not everyone can make that trip.

You keep making analogies that don't apply in the slightest. Fast-food consumption? What does that have to do with anything? Fluoride consumption isn't a choice when it's in the water-supply, there's no way of personally monitoring your ingestion, and it's a PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCT.

I strongly, STRONGLY encourage you to watch the above linked documentary. It's not too long, it's very interesting and informative, and sums up the problems with water fluoridation quite nicely. To quote one of the medical professionals who speaks in it:
"What physician do you know in his right mind would treat somebody who's medical history he doesn't know, who he's never met, with a substance meant to do change in their bodies, and just with the advice 'have as much or as little of it as you like, but you'll take it for a lifetime because it's meant to help somebody elses teeth.'?"
Or, from Dr. Arvid Carlsson, Nobel Laureate in Medicine:
"It's absolutely obsolete. In modern pharmacology it's so clear that even if you have a fixed dose of a drug, the individuals respond very differently to one and the same dose. Now in this case you have it in the water, and people are drinking different amounts of water, so you have huge variations in the consumption."
followed by Dr. Phyllis Mullenix, Pharmacologist/Toxicologist:
"The whole name of the game in Pharmacology is to deliver the right dose to the right person at the right time. And that's not what (water) fluoridation does. It can't do it."
 
Considering water fluoridation was initiated on the claim it would reduce dental carries by 90%... It's now down to an average of 25% reduction of carries in adults and children

When water fluoridation was initiated it could have very well reduce cavities by 90%. Now that we have other treatments like Fl rinses, Fl toothpastes and Fl dental treatments, water fluoridation is responsible for a smaller portion of the overall reduction in carries. However, water fluoridation is just as effective as it ever was, only today it accounts for a smaller proportion of the overall reduction in carries.

cor·re·la·tion

[kawr-uh-ley-shuhn, kor-] Show IPA

noun 1. mutual relation of two or more things, parts, etc.: Studies find a positive correlation between severity of illness and nutritional status of the patients. Synonyms: similarity, correspondence, matching; parallelism, equivalence; interdependence, interrelationship, interconnection.

Aww... for Pete's sake.

PiratesVsTemp.png

There is a very clear correlation between the number of swashbuckling pirates and global warming. However, that does not mean the reduction in the numbers of swashbuckling pirates CAUSED global warming. This demonstrates correlation without causation. Similarly, there is a correlation between some lower IQs in low fluoride areas. That is not evidence that low fluoride water CAUSED reduced IQs. I really can't explain it any clearer.

There's this notion that water fluoridation has been thoroughly studied and long-since proven safe that you seem to be heavily invested in Trigger.

There is a difference between proven safe and not proven dangerous. Water fluoridation has not been proven dangerous. (ETA: I've claimed it was safe, I misspoke in a sense. It's my opinion that it's safe because I have not seen any study to suggest otherwise). There is an overwhelming body of evidence that concludes fluoridated water is effective, not dangerous, and socially beneficial. The overwhelming majority of informed professionals in all relevant fields conclude the same.

I've lived in several cities. I believe half had fluoridated water. I didn't pay attention to it because I don't much care one way or the other. What I do care about is when someone tries to sell me a bill of goods using extreme, rare and unusual cases of fluoride toxicity or quotes studies where poor lab rats are deliberately and literally poisoned, then present's it as a case against fluoridation. I'm not much interested in moral arguments or philosophical musings. I'm addressing your misrepresentation (deliberate or accidental) and misunderstanding of the science.
 
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What you're doing is adamantly defending a policy you admit yourself you know very little about.

When water fluoridation was initiated it could have very well reduce cavities by 90%. Now that we have other treatments like Fl rinses, Fl toothpastes and Fl dental treatments, water fluoridation is responsible for a smaller portion of the overall reduction in carries. However, water fluoridation is just as effective as it ever was, only today it accounts for a smaller proportion of the overall reduction in carries.
This is flat out wrong. Water fluoridation is absolutely not as effective as it was believed to be when it began. When it began, the belief was that water fluoridation had a SYSTEMIC EFFECT on the body which fortified teeth against cavities. This has been proven to not be the case. The CDC, ADA, and most every knowledgeable dentist or doctor who's ever commented on the subject is now aware the positive effects of fluoride on teeth are TOPICAL IN NATURE. As in there is absolutely no requirement, benefit, or reason in general to INGEST fluoridated water. It serves no medical purpose. Swishing and spitting fluoridated water would have the same minor positive effect that drinking it does, and drinking it comes with no additional benefits. The very real risks associated with fluoride consumption, much like the benefits themselves, are thoroughly under-studied, but quite obviously there. Does one eat moisturizer and expect softer skin? Does one eat chapstick and expect their lips to stop cracking? That's the difference between TOPICAL and SYSTEMIC.

We live in a society where topical fluoride treatments are readily available even to the impoverished. Even if the extremely poor can't afford toothpaste, wouldn't it be better to address THAT specifically rather than MEDICATE WITHOUT CONSENT, which is exactly and unquestionably what's happening, entire populations?

What I do care about is when someone tries to sell me a bill of goods using extreme, rare and unusual cases of fluoride toxicity or quotes studies where poor lab rats are deliberately and literally poisoned, then present's it as a case against fluoridation.
Lab rats are used in scientific trials for a very good reason. I referenced that study simply to make it clear to Carienn that fluoride is a documented neurotoxin which can indeed have an effect on the brain, as she expressed a belief that it wasn't/didn't. I'm not saying the effect of 1ppm fluoridated water in people is going to be identical to 100ppm water in rats. I'm just saying there is, clearly, a potential for an effect on the brain. I also referenced Chinese studies which implied this effect wasn't limited extremely high concentrations, but can effect people too, ingesting much lower concentrations of fluoride. These studies weren't conclusive, I admit that wholly, but neither are any of the studies in support of water fluoridation. BOTH branches of research, into the pros and the cons, have been inadequate. Typically before you begin human trials of a medical treatment, you have a firm grasp on both the efficacy and the risks of that treatment. As cited in the previous study of all the Fluoride research available to public review, this has never been done in the case of water fluoridation.

I'm not much interested in moral arguments or philosophical musings. I'm addressing your misrepresentation (deliberate or accidental) and misunderstanding of the science.
That the moral and legal issues of medical practice don't matter to you personally doesn't change their vital importance. Please, explain how I've misrepresented the science.

Also, did you bother to take a look at that documentary? Read any of the information on that website? Or is it just a bunch of fringe wackos spouting nonsense, because they disagree with you..? They have some very reasoned debates of medical professionals far more knowledgeable than you or I.

Oh, and your pirate-to-global-warming chart is full of shit. Submitting utter nonsense pulled out of someone else's ass in an attempt to refute a medical survey doesn't exactly support your position. Perhaps an actual correlation might have proven more effective.
 
What you're doing is adamantly defending a policy you admit yourself you know very little about.

OMG... No! I admitted I didn't care if my water was fluoridated or not. What am I doing to make you misunderstand such a simple statement? Perhaps I jumped into this thread with guns blazing and it immediately put you on the defensive. I'm very well aware of the risks and benefits, the studies, the rhetoric and the propaganda. I just happen to believe that there is sufficient evidence to suggest that optimally fluoridated water is not dangerous and helps fight cavities.

Oh, and your pirate-to-global-warming chart is full of shit. Submitting utter nonsense pulled out of someone else's ass in an attempt to refute a medical survey doesn't exactly support your position.

I tried. If you can't understand something as basic as why correlation does not imply causation then I'm almost done here. Wikipedia might have better luck with you. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_does_not_imply_causation



I'll tell you how you misrepresent the facts...

Dental fluorosis on the other hand is entirely frequent in the states, but I'll refrain from sharing pictures of close-shots of sickly/diseased mouths.


teef.png
dental fluorosis. Very prevalent in North America. Can be caused, as demonstrated earlier, by drinking water of 2ppm alone, without fluoridated toothpaste working in-tandem.


First you state that you'll refrain from posting pictures of dental fluorosis. The subtext being that dental fluorosis is so unsightly that you're just trying to spare our feelings... oh my, what drama.

But then you go ahead and post a bunch of very emotive pictures anyway. Of the pictures you post (and this is the important part), the majority depict only the most severe cases. Your statement in the caption about the high prevalence of fluorosis in conjunction with a bunch of pictures of severe cases gives the impression that brown pitted teeth is the norm. Well, it's not.

Dental fluorosis is a spectrum ranging from spots only a dentist might notice to really gross severe brown staining and pits in tooth enamel. Most cases fall in the mild end of the spectrum, yet the ones you posted fall in the most severe category and make up a very small fraction of the total.

That is an example of how you misrepresent facts and it's typical behaviour adopted by most opponents of fluoride. It's disingenuous, manipulative and embarrassingly transparent.
 
Did you miss the bit where CDC and ADA were advising pregnant/nursing women to avoid fluoridated water/not to use fluoridated water in baby-formula, because of the associated health-risks?

Grieves, for goodness sake we have been over the fact that there are guidelines to this just as there are guidelines to any medicine. That advisory also depends on other factors. Again, the 0.7-1.2ppm dosage is small relative to other common sources of fluoride. Should the pregnant mother also avoid al foods and beverages that contain fluoride? The answer is it depends on how much total fluoride you're exposed to on a daily basis.

http://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/fact_sheets/fl_caries.htm

Water fluoridation is absolutely not as effective as it was believed to be when it began. When it began, the belief was that water fluoridation had a SYSTEMIC EFFECT on the body which fortified teeth against cavities. This has been proven to not be the case. The CDC, ADA, and most every knowledgeable dentist or doctor who's ever commented on the subject is now aware the positive effects of fluoride on teeth are TOPICAL IN NATURE. As in there is absolutely no requirement, benefit, or reason in general to INGEST fluoridated water. It serves no medical purpose. Swishing and spitting fluoridated water would have the same minor positive effect that drinking it does, and drinking it comes with no additional benefits. The very real risksassociated with fluoride consumption, much like the benefits themselves, are thoroughly under-studied, but quite obviously there. Does one eat moisturizer and expect softer skin? Does one eat chapstick and expect their lips to stop cracking? That's the difference between TOPICAL and SYSTEMIC.

We live in a society where topical fluoride treatments are readily available even to the impoverished. Even if the extremely poor can't afford toothpaste, wouldn't it be better to address THAT specifically rather than MEDICATE WITHOUT CONSENT, which is exactly and unquestionably what's happening, entire populations?

This is so so so false. You're not even addressing or responding to anything of substance that is posted here anymore.

http://www.ada.org/5194.aspx
WASHINGTON, Jan. 7, 2011—The American Dental Association (ADA) today commended the Federal agencies responsible for public health and safety for recalibrating the ratio of fluoride to water that they consider optimal based on scientific evaluation and the full appreciation of fluoride received from all sources.
As a science-based organization, the ADA supports the Department of Health and Human Services’ recommendation to set the level for optimally fluoridated water at 0.7 parts per million. This adjustment will provide an effective level of fluoride to reduce the incidence of tooth decay while minimizing the rate of fluorosis in the general population.

http://www.quackwatch.org/03HealthPromotion/fluoride.html

http://fluorideinfo.org/FAQ.html#anchor6
Topical fluorides strengthen teeth already present in the mouth. Fluoride is incorporated into the surface of teeth making them more decay-resistant. Fluoridated drinking water probably has a topical effect as well as a systemic effect. Systemic fluorides can give topical protection because ingested fluoride is present in saliva, which continually bathes the teeth. Fluoride is incorporated into the tooth surface to prevent decay. Fluoride also becomes incorporated into dental plaque and facilitates further remineralization. It reduces the solubility of tooth enamel in acid. It reduces the ability of plaque organisms to produce acid. Adults may also benefit from fluoridation, particularly those with receding gums, which expose the tooth roots that are particularly susceptible to decay. In addition to reducing tooth decay, water fluoridation prevents needless infection, pain, suffering and loss of teeth; improves the quality of life; and saves vast sums of money in dental treatment costs.

The magnitude of the effect depends on a lot of factors.
A sizable population of Arcatans falls into the category of increased vulnerability with poor access to professional prevention and treatment. The poor, uninsured, the elderly and the disabled, along with children would stand to benefit especially form universal exposure to community water fluoridation.

You're making unsubstantiated claims about fluoride treatment. First you say that toothpaste is poison. Then you posted some NCBI articles that have been addressed and shown to be either irrelevant to this discussion or not at all proof that 0.7-1.2ppm fluoridated water is more harmful than it is helpful. Now you continue to say that fluoridated water is medically useless when I've posted plenty of statements by the general scientific and dental communities to the contrary. If you're holding on to experts in the documentary you posted, the case is the same as any other conspiracy. You can find "experts" that will get on board with almost anything but the data and literature doesn't support what they are saying. At all.
 
Fluoridation is simply a way of disposing of a toxic manufacturing by product, which would otherwise costs millions to dispose of.

It is a complete nonsense and scam by the Aluminium producers and others.

99.99999% of the water is not drunk. It simply goes into the pollutants in our oceans.

Forced medication...
 
Toothpaste isn't a poison, it contains relatively high concentrations of a known toxin, sodium fluoride, which also has topical benefits on the teeth. Though the amounts certainly vary widely from person to person, toothpaste is typically ingested to some small extent during and after brushing, even by adults but especially by children. Sodium fluoride, the product typically used in toothpaste, has seen somewhat better scientific review than the products typically used in water fluoridation, which usually are indeed, as Oxy said, a chemical waste that results of the industrial production of artificial fertilizer and some metals. It's a relatively big break on these industries that a substance they used to have to pay out the nose to dispose of can now be offloaded onto municipalities as a health product. The notion that there could be funded pressure from these industries behind the prevalence and wide acceptance of water fluoridation in North America, especially when water fluoridation was first introduced, is hardly a ludicrous one given the nature of the initial advertising campaigns in the 40's/50's, and it's source.

we have been over the fact that there are guidelines to this just as there are guidelines to any medicine.
please name a single other medication, which you acknowledge fluoride is, where the 'guidelines' are a one-size-fits-all dose for every single person in a community; fetus, infant, child, adolescent, adult, race, height, weight, rate, prior conditions, other medications, and outside factors all being completely irrelevant.

This is so so so false. You're not even addressing or responding to anything of substance that is posted here anymore.
Fluoridated drinking water probably has a topical effect as well as a systemic effect. Systemic fluorides can give topical protection because ingested fluoride is present in saliva, which continually bathes the teeth.
Again, fluoride is a TOPICAL PRODUCT even where ingestion is concerned. So you're ingesting a topical product, which finds its way into your system, (saliva, blood, bones, pineal gland), and thus provides a topical effect on your teeth through its presence in your spit. It's pharmaceutical application where your teeth are concerned remains topical in nature, and there's mention of no other systemic benefit. In the 1940's 50's, the belief, or at least the claim, was that ingestion of fluoride even prior to the eruption of teeth had a positive and considerable systemic effect in fortifying teeth as they developed. This was one of the major selling points of fluoridation.

Now you continue to say that fluoridated water is medically useless when I've posted plenty of statements by the general scientific and dental communities to the contrary. If you're holding on to experts in the documentary you posted, the case is the same as any other conspiracy. You can find "experts" that will get on board with almost anything but the data and literature doesn't support what they are saying. At all.
I've stated only that fluoridated water's effect is topical, and -INGESTING- it is of no medical benefit because of that. Again, you're treating this as a conspiracy theory and not a very real deliberation over the validity of a branch of medical science. If you wan't to call the idea that industries are backing water fluoridation a conspiracy theory, you're entitled... but the term simply does not apply in the case of the developing discussion of the benefits and risks of water fluoridation. Medical science is by no means written in stone- the exact opposite is true of it, in fact. It needs to constantly and thoroughly reevaluate itself, but inherently those efforts are very often met with heavy and sometimes popular resistance, for all sorts of complex reasons. Hysteria was a common clinical diagnosis in women for over a hundred years. Whenever a woman got a little too noticeably stressed, or had an upsetting emotional outburst/breakdown, she might be diagnosed with hysteria. The 'treatment' for hysteria was a practice ranging from assisted masturbation in the willing higher class to what amounted to rape in a clinical setting in those less willing/able to consent. If a case of Hysteria was deemed beyond treatment, the 'cure' was the surgical removal of the uterus. This is why that particular procedure has the rather unorthodox name of hysterectomy. Hysteria continued to be diagnosed until the 1970's. If medical evidence begins to suggest a commonly held and very popular medical practice is of no real benefit, and the source of this evidence is career professionals submitting their work to public review, you should at the very least hear them out, rather than dismiss what they have to say as nonsense and quackery simply because they disagree with the popular belief.

Perhaps I jumped into this thread with guns blazing and it immediately put you on the defensive.
It's your exceedingly dismissive attitude that puts me on the defensive, trigger. You're putting words in my mouth and suggesting me foolish for speaking them, while providing nothing particularly productive in advancing the discussion. Dan at least is making an effort to support his own assertions.

First you state that you'll refrain from posting pictures of dental fluorosis. The subtext being that dental fluorosis is so unsightly that you're just trying to spare our feelings... oh my, what drama.

But then you go ahead and post a bunch of very emotive pictures anyway. Of the pictures you post (and this is the important part), the majority depict only the most severe cases. Your statement in the caption about the high prevalence of fluorosis in conjunction with a bunch of pictures of severe cases gives the impression that brown pitted teeth is the norm. Well, it's not.
It was actually a personal thing. I don't personally enjoy looking at close-up shots of messed up teeth and mouths. I later in the thread posted an image, taken directly from a google of 'dental fluorosis' and what would fit in my screen, which was by no means an amalgamation of all the nastiest fluorosis photos I could find. The little tyke with the toothbrush should make that pretty clear. I posted it because there seemed to be some lack of awareness of dental fluorosis as a condition. I know all about dental fluorosis and its ranges. As I said I've a mild case myself.

That is an example of how you misrepresent facts and it's typical behaviour adopted by most opponents of fluoride. It's disingenuous, manipulative and embarrassingly transparent.
My copy-and-pasting the result of a google search is all those things, huh...? Wow, I'm an insidious fuck, aren't I?

I tried. If you can't understand something as basic as why correlation does not imply causation then I'm almost done here. Wikipedia might have better luck with you. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correla...mply_causation
You're really, REALLY hung up on the word correlation. You know it's the word I used, right? Not the term used in the study itself which you've dismissed?

Each increase in 1 mg/L of urine fluoride associated with 0.59-point decrease in IQ (P=0.0226). Meanwhile, there was a dose-response relationship between urine fluoride and dental fluorosis (P<0.0001). In conclusion, our study suggested that low levels of fluoride exposure in drinking water had negative effects on children's intelligence and dental health and confirmed the dose-response relationships between urine fluoride and IQ scores as well as dental fluorosis.
They don't call it a correlation. They call it a 'dose-response relationship'. But, sure, lets focus on my use of the word correlation with pirate-to-temp diagrams with totally made-up figures. Reasonable debate if I ever saw it.
 
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