Claim: First Image of Space Taken from V-2 Rocket Proves the Earth is Flat

[StarGazer]

In this thread we'll be examining the very first image taken from space from a V-2 Missile and the claim related to it:

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It is claimed from “official sources” that a “V-2 Missle” was launched from the New Mexico desert on October 24, 1946, and that it took this black-and-white photo below. Supposedly this photo was taken at an altitude of 65 miles.

This photo shows a completely flat horizon… no curvature whatsoever. Notice how they present the photo at an angle in order to give this sort of slight illusion of curvature. But if you hold up a straight edge to the horizon line in the photo, you will see that the horizon is a completely straight line.
...
...this photo was supposed snapped in 1946, but it is a whole photo...

Content from external source

Source link of the Claim: https://aplanetruth.info/2016/08/11/first-ever-photo-from-space-shows-flat-earth/
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You can find a recent article regarding the V-2 image here: http://earthsky.org/space/this-date-in-science-first-ever-photo-of-earth-from-space:​

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October 24, 1946. On this date a group of soldiers and scientists in the New Mexico desert launched a V-2 rocket – fitted with a 35-millimetre motion picture camera – to a suborbital altitude of 65 miles (105 km). The camera was destroyed after being dropped back to Earth, but the film survived.

Content from external source

The 35 mm camera has a normal lens, therefore flat earthers assume that since there is no curvature with a normal lens then the Earth must be flat. However:




The aperture opening was f/5.6, with the shutter opening reduced to 17 degrees.

The lens aperture is usually specified as an f-number, the ratio of focal length to effective aperture diameter. A lens typically has a set of marked "f-stops" that the f-number can be set to. A lower f-number denotes a greater aperture opening which allows more light to reach the film or image sensor.

The specifications for a given lens typically include the maximum and minimum aperture sizes, for example, f/1.4–f/22. In this case, f/1.4 is the maximum aperture (the widest opening), and f/22 is the minimum aperture (the smallest opening).




Here is how much curvature we expect to see using Walter Bislin's curvature calculator for an altitude of 104 607 meters ( 65 miles) with 35 mm lens.



http://walter.bislins.ch/bloge/index.asp?page=Flat-Earth:+Finding+the+curvature+of+the+Earth


Since Walter hasn't included lens aperture option in his program, I'm finding trouble the determine how much curvature there is for the camera specs of the V-2 missile.
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[StarGazer]

Here you can watch a video of the V-2 launch:




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[deirdre]

isn't it easier just to point out that the photo Flat Earther's are using is cropped?


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-2_rocket

 

[Trailblazer]

Rotated to horizontal. The picture doesn't have great contrast, but I think it's clear there is curvature visible.

 

[Trailblazer]

Since Walter hasn't included lens aperture option in his program, I'm finding trouble the determine how much curvature there is for the camera specs of the V-2 missile.

Lens aperture will not affect the field of view of the lens - that is just a function of the focal length (the "35mm" part). Edit: Actually the 35mm description is not the focal length of the lens: see below

The aperture controls how much light can pass through the lens, but it doesn't reduce the field of view of the lens. That might seem slightly counterintuitive, but all the aperture is really doing is limiting the number of different paths that light can take from an object onto the image plane. (This also has the side-effect of making the image sharper, at the expense of making it less bright.)

Side note: the part about the shutter opening being "reduced to 17 degrees" refers to the circular shutter of the movie camera. The shutter is a rotating disc, with a segment missing to let the light in. The smaller the segment, the shorter the effective exposure time will be:



It again doesn't have any bearing on the field of view.

 

[StarGazer]

Does that mean that all it has to be done is to crop 17° of the horizon from Walter's simulation and the camera settings in his app are identical to the V-2 camera?

 

[Trailblazer]

Does that mean that all it has to be done is to crop 17° of the horizon from Walter's simulation and the camera settings in his app are identical to the V-2 camera?

No, as I said above, the 17 degrees is the size of the shutter opening (exposure), and has nothing to do with the field of view.

However, you are assuming that the "35 millimetre" description refers to the lens.

It actually refers to the 35mm film format: the camera used Eastman Super-XX 35mm film:



So we don't know the focal length of the lens, and thus we don't know the field of view.

 

[Trailblazer]

Incidentally there are some panoramas made from stitched frames from a V-2 rocket launch (possibly the same one?) available on the NASA site: https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1298.html

 

[Mick West]

You’d also want to know if there is any lens distortion, ie if the lens is rectilinear or not.

 

[StarGazer]

This image is from year later 1947 and 100 miles altitude.
The V-2 image of this thread is from 1946, 65 miles altitude.

 

[Rory]

Here you can watch a video of the V-2 launch:

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Having watched the video, I'd say there are several places where curvature is evident - but also that it appears some lens distortion may be occurring. Or, at least, that it can't be ruled out.​

 

[Trailblazer]

This image is from year later 1947 and 100 miles altitude.
The V-2 image of this thread is from 1946, 65 miles altitude.

Yes I thought that initially but then the page also claimed it was the first one from space, so it was unclear. (Space is normally defined as above 100km, or ~62 miles.)

 

[StarGazer]

isn't it easier just to point out that the photo Flat Earther's are using is cropped?

I can see a small curve, but as Mick pointed out above, we have to determine if the lens is rectilinear or not.

 

[Ray Von Geezer]

"Stretching" due to aspect ratio changes may also be flattening the curve? The inset in the YouTube video is 1.55:1, a modern format used as a compromise to display on either normal or widescreen TVs, so almost certainly not original - I'm pretty sure common ratios for that time would be 1.33:1 or 1.375:1.

Similarly, the photographs in the OP look like 16:9 which as Deirdre pointed out means they've been cropped or stretched, including the one on Earthsky where the FE meme appears to have been taken from.

The images where curve is most apparent are the 1:1 photographs, but again if they were taken from the video they've very likely been cropped or reformatted too.

Ray Von

 

[StarGazer]

I might be onto something:

The V-2 footage was filmed with camera model DeVry nicknamed "The Lunch Box"



Source Link: https://www.quora.com/How-did-the-camera-that-captured-the-first-photograph-of-the-earth-from-space-survive-the-flight

But the source link is somewhat inaccurate regarding the DeVry model, because the picture from above is for a hand crack version of DeVry.

I found a video where you can have a closer look of the hand crack DeVry model, unfortunately the lens is not mentioned:

5 min 9 seconds into the video

The DeVry camera had to be automatic:

Devry Standard Automatic, 35mm/spring operated "Lunch Box" because of its shape, lens: Wollensak Velostigmat F3.5

Content from external source

Source link: http://nebraskahistory.pastperfectonline.com/webobject/2FFA7111-12EF-4E92-90C4-414283392753



Source link: https://www.google.co.uk/amp/s/www.pinterest.com/amp/pin/93309023510460308/

The lens of the automatic DeVry camera could be Wollensak Velostigmat F3.5 lens:



Source Link: https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=velostigmat+f3/5&client=ms-android-tmobile-gb&prmd=isvn&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjfhZ2zg-jWAhXLaFAKHaNiDQMQ_AUIEigB&biw=360&bih=512#imgrc=O1guWwgeQMhc1M:

But that lens doesn't look like the lens from the article below. Or it's the same lens?

 

[StarGazer]

It's obvious that the automatic DeVry camera does not have the same casing as the one used for the V-2 Rocket:

So we don't know the focal length of the lens, and thus we don't know the field of view.

I found a pdf document named: ''High Altitude Research Using V-2 Rocket by The John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory'' that needs a detailed analysis.

Page 42 of the research document (page 50 of 99 of the pdf)

…’’Since a sufficient supply of brass type recorders was not available to permit use of future V-2 rockets, work was started on photographic recorder in which small flashing neon light expose 35 mm film. With a lens aperture of f:3.5 and a focal length of 2 inches [50.8 mm], it has been possible to record 20 channels with a resolution of better than 100 counts per second.’’…

Content from external source

Link: http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/636108.pdf

This is another hint that the lens used was Wollensak Velostigmat F3.5

 

[StarGazer]

Found stock image DeVry camera after recovery:

 

[StarGazer]

You’d also want to know if there is any lens distortion, ie if the lens is rectilinear or not.

Found camera specs DeVry camera:







Source DeVry Brochure provided by Cesar A. K. Grossmann, active member and researcher from Quora