Nothing against the Rand people, but I've argued in other threads that when the source material is from NUFORC or MUFON it's hardly a random or cross section of society. It's reports from people, at least some of whom, already know there is a NUFORC or MUFON to report to. I understand that the FAA does sometimes refer people to NUFORC which can give it the appearance of "official" or at least the "government sanctioned or approved" place to make UFO reports. Something I disagree with:
External Quote:
The website and hotline are well known by law enforcement agencies, FAA ARTCC's and flight service stations, National Weather Services offices, military facilities, NASA, and many 911 emergency dispatch centers all across the United States and in many parts of Canada. Those entities routinely direct the calls they receive regarding possible UFO sightings to the Center.
The reality is that between 1974 and 1994 NUFORC was one guy, Robert Gribble, sitting in his home office in Washington collecting UFO reports, then it went online:
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The National UFO Reporting Center was founded in 1974 by noted UFO investigator
Robert J. Gribble. The Center's primary function over the past five decades has been to receive, record, and to the greatest degree possible, corroborate and document reports from individuals who have been witness to unusual, possibly UFO-related events. Throughout its history, the Center has processed over 170,000 reports, and has distributed its information to thousands of individuals.
The principal means used by the Center to receive sighting reports is this website, which has operated continuously since 1995. Prior to that period, the telephone hotline and the U.S. mail were the primary means of taking reports.
https://nuforc.org/about-us/
Since 1994, NUFORC has been run by Peter Davenport, who has seen multiple UFOs and lectures on the Pheonix lightes event:
External Quote:
Peter Davenport has been director of the National UFO Reporting Center since 1994. He has also served as the director of investigations for the Washington Chapter of the Mutual UFO Network. He often presents lectures on specific UFO cases, most notably the Phoenix Lights sighting.
Peter has had an active interest in the UFO phenomenon from his early boyhood. He experienced his first UFO sighting over the St. Louis municipal airport in the summer of 1954, and he investigated his first UFO case during the summer of 1965 in Exeter, New Hampshire. He has also been witness to several subsequent anomalous events, possibly UFO related, including a dramatic sighting over Baja California in February 1990, and several nighttime sightings over Washington State during 1992.
https://nuforc.org/about-us/
His views on the Pheonix lights:
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Most of the controversy that arose from the incident centers around a cluster of lights that was seen, and videotaped, to the south of Phoenix at between 9:30 and 10:00 p.m. on the same night as the sightings. In May 1997, the Public Affairs Office at Luke AFB announced that their personnel had investigated these lights, and had established that they were flares launched from A-10 "Warthog" aircraft over the Gila Bend "Barry M. Goldwater" Firing Range at approximately 10:00 p.m.. Even the most implacable UFO skeptics admit, however, that irrespective of whether such flares had in fact been launched or not, they cannot serve as an explanation for the objects that had been witnessed by many individuals some 1-2 hours earlier.
Investigators may never be able to re-assemble all of the facts surrounding the events that took place over Arizona on the night of March 13, 1997. However, there is no doubt in the minds of most that what occurred was extraordinarily bizarre in nature, and that many thousands of witnesses can attest to the events.
http://www.ufoevidence.org/cases/case270.htm
So again, it's a data set complied by UFO enthusiasts and served as the data set for Rand:
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We used NUFORC data as a starting point to examine the geographic distribution of UAP reports. Reporting of UAP sightings follows a three-step approach: (1) A person witnesses unexplained activity (usually, but not always) in the sky, (2) the witness reports what they observed to NUFORC, and (3) NUFORC reviews the report for obvious hoaxes before entering the sighting into its database.
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/trecms/pdf/AD1206696.pdf
Even given that, Rand did find as you noted, people see a lot of UFOs around military training airspace. As would be expected:
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Both of these models found inconsistent results in the relationship between the nearest military installations and self-reports of UAP sightings. For example, there was a higher likelihood of UAP reports in areas that were within 60.1 km to 120 km of a Marine Corps installation, as compared with 30.1 km to 60 km, but there was some evidence that reports were less likely in areas within 30 km of these same installations.
What's interesting is that Rand could find that a lot of NUFORC sightings occurred near training areas, something NUFROC could not. In fact when a major portion of a UFO sighting, like the Pheonix lights DID occur in a training area with confirmed training going on, the head of NUFORC is doubtful of this solution.
EDIT: I consistently seem to type NUFORC as NUFROC. Fixed it.
EDIT,EDIT: It seems I confused the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) with high school kids that rase pigs for the local fair, Future Farmers of America, FFA. Fixed it .