Figure 27 shows the major components of a young contrail (Kuhn et al., 1998). The
contrail was found to be a mixture of 15% ice particles, 32% ice with black carbon, 24%
black carbon, and 29% unknown aerosols. The ice with black carbon was found to
contain a black carbon volume fraction of 15-20%. Knowledge of the composition is
critical for obtaining accurate refractive indices of ice particles and aerosols in the
contrails. It is also important to know the background atmospheric composition, such as
humidity.