Astra Taylor: Ah, yes. This phrase, "We are a republic, not a democracy." I heard this phrase frequently, but always from a certain class of person. Always from a white man. I did quite a few interviews—what in the documentary film world we call "streeters"—where I would set up on a corner and talk to passersby. Often people were quite reluctant. I said, "I'm talking about democracy. Would you like to sit and discuss with me?" And I'd have to persuade people. They felt maybe a bit intimidated or they felt they lacked expertise. And often those interviews would be really interesting. People would actually be quite wise or have reasons for being politically disengaged or politically cynical that were actually pretty credible.
Then there were these guys who were really eager. "Yeah, of course you shall interview me about democracy!" And after a question or two, they'd go flat and say, "Well, we're a republic, not a democracy." That is a phrase that is uttered by people who, looking back on the sweep of American history, see themselves as safely at the center of the narrative, and typically they see their present privileges under threat. And so, they want to shore up the privileges that they possess, and they're looking for a sort of historic hook.
Do you think there's a reason why it's bubbling up into high-level politics now?
I think you're seeing a real shift in conservative rhetoric because they are giving up on winning majorities. If you go back 50 years, books like The Emerging Republican Majority, and even around the period of George Bush, there was this idea, "OK, well, if Republicans want to keep winning majorities, we need to appeal more to the conservative Latino vote." And the party has just gone in the opposite direction of that. It's figuring out how to maintain dominance with a minority of support. And so, in that sense, I think the rhetoric is really telling. It's a way of rationalizing the further entrenchment of minority rule.
And the thing is that there's something to their perspective. Political institutions in this country are not majoritarian. There is a long history of exclusion. And there are quite a few veto points in the political system that obstruct majoritarian policies. So they have a lot to draw on and it's not a novel political philosophy. It's a reversion to the American norm in some way. Because we haven't really been a fully inclusive democracy, ever. And to the degree that we have, it's been for just a generation—since the Voting Rights Act—and they're already giving up on that.
And it's so fascinating to me that that period that I took for granted because of the moment in time I happened to be born in—this Cold War framework of "capitalism is democracy versus communism is unfreedom"—that paradigm is breaking down. So, you see people on the left becoming more self-consciously socialist and saying, "Well, hold on, maybe socialism's not so bad." But on the right, you also see people who are like, "Why do we even have to pretend to be democratic at all?"