Army Air-Sprayed Poor Americans in Texas and St. Louis

[neverknwo]

So what is the point of spraying 'virtually nothing anymore than general pollution' or at least 'nothing toxic' to test the results?

I think Jazzy should have volunteered as the guinea pig to aid the war effort.

They were testing dispersion of airborne particles, not toxicity. Zinc Cadmium Sulfide is visible under an ultraviolet light and that quality makes it easily identifiable in particle dispersion tests.



Asbestos causes Mesothelioma, which is one way of identifying asbestos related mortality.

The NRC (1997) reports the following as the major toxicological considerations of
cadmium and cadmium compound exposure:
1) The greatest risk from inhaled cadmium is to the lungs, causing lung cancer
2) Inhaled cadmium is most toxic to lungs, kidneys and the skeletal system
Carcinogenicity
In 1993, the International Agency IARC classified cadmium and cadmium compounds as
a carcinogen of Group 1:
The agent (mixture) is carcinogenic to humans. The exposure
circumstance entails exposures that are carcinogenic to humans
(IARC 1993b)
Within the past few years, however, conflicting reports have come out regarding
cadmium’s carcinogenic effect in humans. There are epidemiological links of
cadmium exposure with lung and prostate cancer in humans (Waalkes 2003; Waalkes 2000).

Content from external source

http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report Files/2007/Long-Term-Health-Effects-of-Participation-in-Project-SHAD-Shipboard-Hazard-and-Defense/ZINCCADMIUMSULFIDE.pdf

"Poison Playgrounds" was the local tv news report titled after the cancer society recieved so many complaints about the toxic hazards and this is an expert from the book.

My Son My Father My Hero: One Family's Journey With Cancer

http://books.google.com/books?id=AD...&sa=X&ei=PcruUagHqOHJAc-pgIAB&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ

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Here's another stat for the addition and the chemicals most responsible for the toxicity outside it's school.

Note: Rankings are based on modeled concentrations and severity of chemicals known or believed to cause cancer.

National Rank
18th
percentile
21,679 of 127,809 schools have worse air.

• Manganese and manganese compounds 45% of overall toxicity
  Definition: Manganese is used to produce pesticides, batteries and other industrial products. Although trace elements are found in food and are considered essential for good health, overexposure for long periods can cause mental and emotional disturbances and slow and clumsy body movements -- a disease of the brain called manganism. Children are more vulnerable to such exposures than adults. EPA says that it cannot be determined if there is a link between manganese and cancer.
  
  
• Trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4- 17% of overall toxicity
  Definition: 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene is a colorless liquid that is used as a gasoline additive and in the manufacture of dyes, perfumes and resins. When inhaled, it can cause fatigue and drowsiness and can impair blood coagulation. No studies have been done of its potential as a carcinogen.
  
  
• Triethylamine 13% of overall toxicity
  Definition: Triethylamine, a liquid, is used in the production of rubber, and to inhibit corrosion and remove salt from seawater. Triethylamine is highly irritating to the respiratory tract. Acute exposure may cause corneal swelling and halo vision. U.S. and international agencies have not classified triethylamine as to its carcinogencity. Exposure to triethylamine may cause skin, eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory tract irritation. Acute exposure to triethylamine vapors may cause corneal swelling and halo vision. High doses in animals cause heart, liver, and kidney injury. Central nervous system stimulation may possibly result from inhibition of monoamine oxidase
  
  
• Nickel and nickel compounds 3% of overall toxicity
  Definition: Nickel, a metal, can be combined with other metals to make coins, jewelry, and stainless steel. People working in nickel refineries or nickel-processing plants have experienced chronic bronchitis, reduced lung function, and lung and sinus cancers. EPA classifies nickel refinery dust and nickel subsulfide as human carcinogens. Source: EPA, HHS
  
  
• Glycol Ethers 3% of overall toxicity

Content from external source

http://content.usatoday.com/news/nation/environment/smokestack/school/31037

 

[Cairenn]

And radon is not a problem in some parts of the country.

Yes a lot of folks get cancer. Folks are living longer and we do have better ways of diagnosing it. People working or living near a lot of industrialized plants is another factor, so was the big increase in smoking after WW II.

 

[JeffreyNotGeoffrey]

Also some areas have a bad radon problem like Las Vegas. If people were dying from radiation shouldn't non smoking/non mesothelioma lung cancer jump?

 

[JeffreyNotGeoffrey]

And neverknwo what did any of that have to do with the topic at hand?

 

[neverknwo]

And neverknwo what did any of that have to do with the topic at hand?

connecting the dots to Post #32 to show mick the epidemiological links to cadmium exposure with lung and prostate cancer in humans

Is there any epidemiological evidence of harm? Anything of statistical significance?

http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report Files/2007/Long-Term-Health-Effects-of-Participation-in-Project-SHAD-Shipboard-Hazard-and-Defense/ZINCCADMIUMSULFIDE.pdf

Project 112/Project SHAD - Public Health
www.publichealth.va.gov › Military Exposures‎
Apr 4, 2013 - Information about military tests involving biological and chemical warfare materials during the 1960s and 1970s, and related VA programs.

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Benefits for Veterans of Project 112/SHAD and their survivors.

VA offers health care, disability compensation and other benefits to eligible Veterans. Their dependents and survivors also may be eligible for benefits.


Veterans first must enroll in VA’s health care system to receive care.

Veterans who participated in Project 112/SHAD are eligible for VA health care. VA also provides priority enrollment for Veterans who have a military service-connected disability.

Apply online to enroll for VA health care.

http://www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/shad/

Content from external source

 

[MikeC]

connecting the dots to Post #32 to show mick the epidemiological links to cadmium exposure with lung and prostate cancer in humans

http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report Files/2007/Long-Term-Health-Effects-of-Participation-in-Project-SHAD-Shipboard-Hazard-and-Defense/ZINCCADMIUMSULFIDE.pdf

Easier link to click on

From the executive summary:

Some minor local and transitory toxic effects were noted: lung and lymph node inflammations, accumulations of foreign bodies in the lung, and altered enzyme, protein, and cell count levels. The experimental doses tested (on a body weight relative basis) far exceeded (at least by a factor of 500) the highest level of human exposure in previous US Army tests. No other health effects were reported.

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and from the "Worst Case Scenario" section:

Within the past few years, however, conflicting reports have come out regarding cadmium’s carcinogenic effect in humans. There are epidemiological links of cadmium exposure with lung and prostate cancer in humans (Waalkes 2003; Waalkes 2000).
Nevertheless, some more recent reports have asserted that there is insufficient evidence for a carcinogenic effect in humans, and specifically recommend that cadmium not be
assigned to IARC Group 1 (carcinogenic to humans) but rather to Group 2A (probably
carcinogenic to humans) (Satoh et al 2002; Koyama et al, 2002).

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Cadmium is dangerous at high levels of exposure, having mutagenic effects and acute exposure can also be dangerous:

Acute cadmium inhalation affects the lungs by causing either chemical pneumonitis or
metal fume fever. Large concentrations can be fatal. (Ando et al 1996) There is typically
no acute inflammatory lung response to cadmium sulfide. (NRC 1997; Bakshi &
Henderson 1998) (This characteristic contrasts with the results of the Army follow-up
study assessing acute exposure of zinc cadmium sulfide to rats, in which an acute
inflammatory response was found. (Bergmann et al 2000))

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So basically, no - there were no health effects reported, even at exposure levels 500 times the maximum that anyone could possibly have received the lab animals were found to have only "minor and transitory" effects, and there's no positively known carcinogenic effects either!!

and from your 2nd link - Project 112/SHAD:

To date, there is no clear evidence of specific, long-term health problems associated with participation in Project SHAD.

Content from external source

All in all it looks like there was no actual danger from the levels citizens were actually exposed to.

Thanks for putting all our minds at rest.