Sorry, posted prematurely. So now, the two bands had more or less equal power, more complex structure was required to govern, i.e., keep people from killing each other. Also, the evolving social structures and primitive division of labor, not to mention simple brute force of numbers meant surpluses and leisure. Noe they needed a chief/boss, who was more like 1st among equals due to intelligence, or force of personality, or some such, since you can't settle disputes between two Alpha Males without risking losing one or both. You also needed other simple structures like a war chief in case of meeting an enemy band, and shaman to learn the healing or otherwise useful plants, as well as interceding with the nature spirits and keeping the history of what was now a tribe. The process continued essentially unchanged as tribes merged into kingdoms (more bureaucracy) and kingdoms merged under a High King (lots more bureaucracy)to become what we would recognize as a state. If you consider empires as hyperstates, there is no fundamental structural difference between the boss/group of bosses at the top with the lion's share of the resources, a somewhat larger group of underbosses who support them and collect some smaller percentage of the total resources (middle managers), an army of merchants, technocrats, technologists, military, etc. to support the power elite, and all the rest of us 99% worker bees. All, mind you, still shaped by the fundamental fear of the stranger and the reliance on physical force for protection.
The dirty secret of all the real glories of Wester Civ is underlying all of it is fear and the shame of broken relationships.
Fear Porn is the response of poorly educated people confronted by social change beyond anything seen before due to the pressures of population growth and concomitant environmental degradation along with technology that shrinks the world into a global village where Everyman is given the fantasy of living like a king. Most of the Fear Porn is generated by the "misplaced class rage of ordinary people who see their values and belief systems called into question by Science and the evolutionary impact of democracy. But the genesis of the Fear Porn can be found in the propaganda of the ruling elite who use the time honored (because successful) strategy of Us against Them, those demonic blacks or homosexuals or terrorists or, most dangerous of all, Socialists! Those godless communists who want to take the hard-earned resources of working people and give them to the welfare cheats or the Chinese we are in debt to, or whoever...
Classic blame the victim. Pay no attention to the smiling man in the $1000 suit with his hand in your pocket, he wants to help you by giving you a job at $7.25/hour (current minimum wage, no benefits) while he takes advantage of the best Congress money can buy. No wonder people are angry. Also accounts for the anti-science, anti-union, anti-welfare sentiments gaining many adherents lately. The Chairman of the House Science and Technology Committee was recently caught on tape declaiming that the Theory of Evolution and concerns over global climate change were "lies from the pit of hell." Astonishing!
As the woman in the Fear Porn recording we reference says, don't listen to all that "crap." A rational, spiritual, World Wisdom Culture is struggling to be born (check out pioneers like The Institute of HeartMath and the Institute of Noetic Sciences). Conscious Evolution is the next phase of human society; people all over the world are reaching for it. This forum is a good example that I am glad too have been guided to by the Internet Angels.
Nameste