Ok, thanks.
The thing below the main line fiber run is almost certainly a fiber patch panel in an outdoor enclosure, much like the styles that Mick marked as "local distribution terminator" above. From the only point of view you offer in the photo, it appears to be molded greyish plastic, designed to either attach to a wall (the little keyhole shaped openings) or to a mast (note how it's mounted to the mast in question, with stainless steel hose clamps/metal bands). I had one of these one the outside of my house, where Cox brought in their cable and it went through a multi-way splitter to feed various rooms. The enclosure is pretty generic, so it could house fiber, coax, or even punch-down blocks.
Now to the more important question: why is this done so shoddily? This looks honestly like some kind of amateur operation, or a cable operator didn't send out the supervisor, or this is in a place where they don't really have the money to do it right. Or, they just didn't care. One, it's not stainless steel straps, it looks for all the world like standard galvanized plumbing strap, which has got those little 1/4" or so holes every inch or so. I've got some around here someplace, but definitely wouldn't use it over ss. And that lower strap looks like there's a turnbuckle joining the two halves, which might have been to gain purchase on the strap, but it's really cheesy. (I was going to say that it looks like a ham radio operation, but I'm a ham radio operator and this looks even more cheesy.) It reminds me of stuff I'd seen in small towns in foreign countries, while on vacation, where rain or storm disrupted things and stuff just got kludged back into service.
In any event, the reporter suggests it might be a weather station, but there's no place for an anemometer or wind vane, yeah there could be a temp/humidity/pressure sensor inside, but to what benefit? There's no obvious antenna(s), and while I've been known to spoof stuff for geocaching purposes, I doubt this is anything but the usual fiber splice.
I suspect that the greatest hazard from this is that it falls from the mast and injures someone.
Cheers and 73 - Jon N7UV